Pytest+Appium+Allure 自动化UI测试

Python3
Appium
Allure-pytest
Pytest

一、Appium

1、执行 adb shell

# Appium 启动时增加 --relaxed-security 参数 Appium 即可执行类似adb shell的方法
> appium -p 4723 --relaxed-security

# 使用方法
def adb_shell(self, command, args, includeStderr=False):
    """
    appium --relaxed-security 方式启动
    adb_shell('ps',['|','grep','android'])

    :param command:命令
    :param args:参数
    :param includeStderr: 为 True 则抛异常
    :return:
    """
    result = self.driver.execute_script('mobile: shell', {
        'command': command,
        'args': args,
        'includeStderr': includeStderr,
        'timeout': 5000
        })
    return result['stdout']

2、截取元素图片

element = self.driver.find_element_by_id('cn.xxxxxx:id/login_sign')pngbyte = element.screenshot_as_pngimage_data = BytesIO(pngbyte)img = Image.open(image_data)img.save('element.png')# 该方式能直接获取到登录按钮区域的截图

3、获取手版权声明：本文遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，若要转载请务必附上原文出处链接及本声明，谢谢合作！机端日志

# 使用该方法后，手机端 logcat 缓存会清除归零，从新记录
# 建议每条用例执行完执行一边清理，遇到错误再保存减少陈余 log 输出
# Android
logcat = self.driver.get_log('logcat')
# iOS 需要安装 brew install libimobiledevice logcat = self.driver.get_log('syslog')
# web 获取控制台日志
logcat = self.driver.get_log('browser')c = '\n'.join([i['message'] for i in logcat])allure.attach(c, 'APPlog', allure.attachment_type.TEXT)
#写入到 allure 测试报告中

4、与设备传输文件

# 发送文件
#Android
driver.push_file('/sdcard/element.png', source_path='D:\works\element.png')

# 获取手机文件
png = driver.pull_file('/sdcard/element.png')
with open('element.png', 'wb') as png1:
    png1.write(base64.b64decode(png))

# 获取手机文件夹，导出的是zip文件
folder = driver.pull_folder('/sdcard/test')
with open('test.zip', 'wb') as folder1:
    folder1.write(base64.b64decode(folder))

# iOS
# 需要安装 ifuse
# > brew install ifuse 或者 > brew cask install osxfuse 或者 自行搜索安装方式

driver.push_file('/Documents/xx/element.png', source_path='D:\works\element.png')

# 向 App 沙盒中发送文件
# iOS 8.3 之后需要应用开启 UIFileSharingEnabled 权限不然会报错
bundleId = 'cn.xxx.xxx' # APP名字
driver.push_file('@{bundleId}/Documents/xx/element.png'.format(bundleId=bundleId), source_path='D:\works\element.png')

二、Pytest & Unittest 初始化区别

很多人都使用过 unitest 先说一下 pytest 和 unitest 在 Hook method上的一些区别

1、Pytest

class TestExample:
    def setup(self):
        print("setup             class:TestStuff")

    def teardown(self):
        print ("teardown          class:TestStuff")

    def setup_class(cls):
        print ("setup_class       class:%s" % cls.__name__)

    def teardown_class(cls):
        print ("teardown_class    class:%s" % cls.__name__)

    def setup_method(self, method):
        print ("setup_method      method:%s" % method.__name__)

    def teardown_method(self, method):
        print ("teardown_method   method:%s" % method.__name__)

pytest.fixture()

@pytest.fixture()
def driver_setup(request):
    request.instance.Action = DriverClient().init_driver('android')
    def driver_teardown():
        request.instance.Action.quit()
    request.addfinalizer(driver_teardown)

2、setup_class 方式调用

class Singleton(object):
    """单例 
    ElementActions 为自己封装操作类"""
    Action = None

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            desired_caps={}
            host = "http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"
            driver = webdriver.Remote(host, desired_caps)
            Action = ElementActions(driver, desired_caps)
            orig = super(Singleton, cls)
            cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
            cls._instance.Action = Action
        return cls._instance

class DriverClient(Singleton):
    pass

测试用例中调用

class TestExample:
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.Action = DriverClient().Action

    def teardown_class(cls):
        cls.Action.clear()


    def test_demo(self)
        self.Action.driver.launch_app()
        self.Action.set_text('123')

2、pytest.fixture() 方式调用

class DriverClient():

    def init_driver(self,device_name):
        desired_caps={}
        host = "http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"
        driver = webdriver.Remote(host, desired_caps)
        Action = ElementActions(driver, desired_caps)
        return Action



# 该函数需要放置在 conftest.py, pytest 运行时会自动拾取
@pytest.fixture()
def driver_setup(request):
    request.instance.Action = DriverClient().init_driver()
    def driver_teardown():
        request.instance.Action.clear()
    request.addfinalizer(driver_teardown)

测试用例中调用

#该装饰器会直接引入driver_setup函数
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('driver_setup')
class TestExample:

    def test_demo(self):
        self.Action.driver.launch_app()
        self.Action.set_text('123')

三、Pytes版权声明：本文遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，若要转载请务必附上原文出处链接及本声明，谢谢合作！t 参数化方法

1、 parametrize 装饰器参数化方法

@pytest.mark.parametrize(('kewords'), [(u"小明"), (u"小红"), (u"小白")])
def test_kewords(self,kewords):
    print(kewords)

# 多个参数    
@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input,expected", [
    ("3+5", 8),
    ("2+4", 6),
    ("6*9", 42),
])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
    assert eval(test_input) == expected

2、pytest hook 批量加参数化

#  conftest.py
def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
    """
    使用 hook 给用例加加上参数
    metafunc.cls.params 对应类中的 params 参数

    """
    try:
        if metafunc.cls.params and metafunc.function.__name__ in metafunc.cls.params: ## 对应 TestClass params
          funcarglist = metafunc.cls.params[metafunc.function.__name__]
          argnames = list(funcarglist[0])
          metafunc.parametrize(argnames, [[funcargs[name] for name in argnames] for funcargs in funcarglist])
    except AttributeError:
        pass

# test_demo.py
class TestClass:
    """
    :params 对应 hook 中 metafunc.cls.params
    """
    # params = Parameterize('TestClass.yaml').getdata()

    params = {
        'test_a': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2}],
        'test_b': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2}],
    }
    def test_a(self, a, b):
        assert a == b
    def test_b(self, a, b):
        assert a == b

四、Pytest 用例依赖关系

使用 pytest-dependency 库可以创造依赖关系
当上层用例没通过，后续依赖关系用例将直接跳过，可以跨 Class 类筛选版权声明：本文遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，若要转载请务必附上原文出处链接及本声明，谢谢合作！
如果需要跨.py 文件运行需要将 site-packages/pytest_dependency.py 文件的

class DependencyManager(object):
    """Dependency manager, stores the results of tests.
    """

    ScopeCls = {'module':pytest.Module, 'session':pytest.Session}

    @classmethod
    def getManager(cls, item, scope='session'): # 这里修改成 session

如果

> pip install pytest-dependency

class TestExample(object):

    @pytest.mark.dependency()
    def test_a(self):
        assert False

    @pytest.mark.dependency()
    def test_b(self):
        assert False

    @pytest.mark.dependency(depends=["TestExample::test_a"])
    def test_c(self):
        # TestExample::test_a 没通过则不执行该条用例
        # 可以跨 Class 筛选
        print("Hello I am in test_c")

    @pytest.mark.dependency(depends=["TestExample::test_a","TestExample::test_b"])
    def test_d(self):
        print("Hello I am in test_d")

pytest -v test_demo.py    
2 failed
         - test_1.py:6 TestExample.test_a
         - test_1.py:10 TestExample.test_b
2 skipped

五、Pytest 自定义标记

1、执行用例筛选

使用@pytest.mark 模块给类或者函数加上标记用于执行用例时进行筛选

@pytest.mark.webtest
def test_webtest():
    pass 


@pytest.mark.apitest
class TestExample(object):
    def test_a(self):
        pass

    @pytest.mark.httptest
    def test_b(self):
        pass

仅执行标记 webtest 的用例

pytest -v -m webtest

Results (0.03s):
       1 passed
       2 deselected

执行标记多条用例

pytest -v -m "webtest or apitest"

Results (0.05s):
       3 passed

仅不执行标记 webtest 的用例

pytest -v -m "not webtest"

Results (0.04s):
       2 passed
       1 deselected

不执行标记多条用例

pytest -v -m "not webtest and not apitest"

Results (0.02s):
       3 deselected

2、根据 test 节点选择用例

pytest -v Test_example.py::TestClass::test_a
pytest -v Test_example.py::TestClass
pytest -v Test_example.py Test_example2.py

3、使用 pytest hook 批量标记用例

# conftet.py

def pytest_collection_modifyitems(items):
    """
    获取每个函数名字，当用例中含有该字符则打上标记
    """
    for item in items:
        if "http" in item.nodeid:
            item.add_marker(pytest.mark.http)
        elif "api" in item.nodeid:
            item.add_marker(pytest.mark.api)

class TestExample(object):
    def test_api_1(self):
        pass

    def test_api_2(self):
        pass

    def test_http_1(self):
        pass

    def test_http_2(self):
        pass
    def test_demo(self):
        pass

仅执行标记 api 的用例

pytest -v -m api
Results (0.03s):
       2 passed
       3 deselected
可以看到使用批量标记之后，测试用例中只执行了带有 api 的方法

六、用例错误处理

1、使用函数装饰器方法

def monitorapp(function):
    """
     用例装饰器，截图，日志，是否跳过等
     获取系统log，Android logcat、ios 使用syslog
    """

    @wraps(function)
    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            allure.dynamic.description('用例开始时间:{}'.format(datetime.datetime.now()))
            function(self, *args, **kwargs)
            self.Action.driver.get_log('logcat')
        except Exception as E:
            f = self.Action.driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
            allure.attach(f, '失败截图', allure.attachment_type.PNG)
            logcat = self.Action.driver.get_log('logcat')
            c = '\n'.join([i['message'] for i in logcat])
            allure.attach(c, 'APPlog', allure.attachment_type.TEXT)
            raise E
        finally:
            if self.Action.get_app_pid() != self.Action.Apppid:
                raise Exception('设备进程 ID 变化，可能发生崩溃')
    return wrapper

2、pytest hook 方法

@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True, hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):
    Action = DriverClient().Action
    outcome = yield
    rep = outcome.get_result()
    if rep.when == "call" and rep.failed:
        f = Action.driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
        allure.attach(f, '失败截图', allure.attachment_type.PNG)
        logcat = Action.driver.get_log('logcat')
        c = '\n'.join([i['message'] for i in logcat])
        allure.attach(c, 'APPlog', allure.attachment_type.TEXT)
        if Action.get_app_pid() != Action.apppid:
                raise Exception('设备进程 ID 变化，可能发生崩溃')

七、Pytest 其他hook 方法

1、自定义 Pytest 参数

> pytest -s -all

# content of conftest.py
def pytest_addoption(parser):
    """
    自定义参数
    """
    parser.addoption("--all", action="store_true",default="type1",help="run all combinations")

def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
    if 'param' in metafunc.fixturenames:
        if metafunc.config.option.all: # 这里能获取到自定义参数    
            paramlist = [1,2,3]
        else:
            paramlist = [1,2,4]
        metafunc.parametrize("param",paramlist) # 给用例加参数化

# 怎么在测试用例中获取自定义参数呢
# content of conftest.py
def pytest_addoption(parser):
    """
    自定义参数
    """
    parser.addoption("--cmdopt", action="store_true",default="type1",help="run all combinations")


@pytest.fixture
def cmdopt(request):
    return request.config.getoption("--cmdopt")


# test_sample.py 测试用例中使用
def test_sample(cmdopt):
    if cmdopt == "type1":
        print("first")
    elif cmdopt == "type2":
        print("second")
    assert 1

> pytest -q --cmdopt=type2
second
.
1 passed in 0.09 seconds

2、Pytest 过滤测试目录

#过滤 pytest 需要执行的文件夹或者文件名字
def pytest_ignore_collect(path,config):
    if 'logcat' in path.dirname:
        return True #返回 True 则该文件不执行

八、Pytest 常用方法

1、Pytest 用例优先级

> pip install pytest-ordering

@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
class TestExample:
    def test_a(self):

2、Pytest 用例失败重试

#原始方法
pytet -s test_demo.py
pytet -s --lf test_demo.py #第二次执行时，只会执行失败的用例
pytet -s --ll test_demo.py #第二次执行时，会执行所有用例，但会优先执行失败用例
#使用第三方插件
pip install pytest-rerunfailures #使用插件
pytest --reruns 2 # 失败case重试两次

3、Pytest 其他常用参数

pytest --maxfail=10 #失败超过10次则停止运行
pytest -x test_demo.py #出现失败则停止